the rule of determining responsible person on the basis of the harmful act

the principle of tort law is that the liability is based on the act prejudicial that in iranian law in conformity with the article 1 of tort law code and in french law in conformity with the article 1382 of civil code, this act must be guilty. the harmful act in determining responsible in tort law is necessary. if the chain of causes of action for compensation for damaging responsible is a person who has committed a fault. in addition to the traditional basis of the theory of fault, there are other foundations, such as the theory of complex, theory of garanty or theory of obligation of security. however, all these comments have one thing in common that harmful act is necessary for liability. the origin of these new approaches is sometimes conventions and customs in some countries. however, these comments can be found in the literature of law of obligations in france law. nowadays, as well as this rule, there are some other theories that relate to the scope of the necessity of act in determining the responsible person to remedy the damages. these theories are mainly originated from french law that will be studied comparatively in this article.